2. Some terms and definitions should be known before dyeing

Mordant : A chemical that helps the binding of dye or dyestuff  to the fibers for both fiber and dye.

Owf : On weight of fibre, normally expressed in percentage.

  

Omf : On  mass of fibre

Padding : A dyeing method with very low liquor to good ratio, where typically only enough strong dye solution is used to saturate the fabric

Pigment dyeing : Coloring fabric with  ground pigments mixed with a binder rather than a true dye.

Soaping or soaping off : A process of washing the dyed fabric with hot water with surfactants or cleaning agents, soap, detergent to remove the fixed dye. 

Softener (fabric softener) : A chemical or chemical mixture like lubricant stands for to give fabric a soft hand.

Softener (water softener) : Chemicals used to water to prevent hardness ions from interfering with other solutes.

Stripping : The process to remove  uneven dye from fabric before redyeing it.

Stock solution: A solution of known strength, made up with the intent of dilution or mixing before final use. Stocked will  be discussed future.

Substantive(ity) : The rate of dye to transfer from solute to solution.

Subtractive : With reference to color, removal of colors from light reflected from a surface.

Surfactant : Surface active agent.

Syntan : Synthetic tanning agent.

Wetting agent: An agent helps to increase the uptake of the dye by the fibre or to penetrate solution by wetting it.

W/w : Abbreviation of weight/weight.

W/v : Abbreviation for weight/volume. 

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1. Some terms and definitions should be known before dyeing

Today I will present some 'terms and definitions' which are essential for dyeing. I think the post will assist you and be effective to develop your knowledge & skills. Two posts needed to complete the task. First one is today, second will be published next.

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The basic difference between dye and pigment

In this post I will discuss you about difference between dye and pigment which is  the most important in dyeing and the students of Textile Engineering and Technology. I tried to write the main differences for you to understand easily.

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The Modern Theory of Color

The color of a material depends not only upon itself but also on the eye of the observer and on the light. When two persons observe an object they cannot see the exactly same color though they explained it as a same named color. The matter can be expended to color blindness where the difference between the colors specially red and green is not compared by the observer. The light we consider is a sunlight which is composed of all colors.

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The Modern Theory of Light

The modern theory or quantum theory of light, is not modern at all. It was conceived by Max Planck in the early 1900s, and Planck based his quantum theory on the fact that light is emitted from the body as a bundle of energy. That means the emitting is discontinuously not continuously. In Planck’s theory pockets of energy called “Photon” which has a component of energy, frequency and momentum. The name Photon is given by Einstein when explaining the 'Photo electric effect'. Deviation of Photon is not possible by electric or magnetic field. Because Photon is neutral. In the next Einstein started his study on light and state an phenomenon known as ‘weave-particle duality’. He added to Plank’s theory that a photon momentum component is directly proportional to its frequency.

So, Light is the sum of many Quanta and the Quanta are called Photon. The radiation is emitted or absorbed discontinuously.

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Dye | Dyeing | Pigment

Dye

A dye or dyestuff is a colored and organic chemical compound which have affinity to substance like textiles, absorbs light strongly in visible region and create physical and chemical bond with the fibres. Dye must contain chromophore and auxochrome group. In case of organic compounds sometimes they have some molecules with pi-bond e.g. -NO, -NO₂ , -N=N- etc.

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