Classification of Textile fibre

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Textile fibres are mainly two types:

1. Natural fibre
2. Synthetic or man made fibre.

1. Natural fibre:

The source of natural fibres are from nature i.e. from plant, seed, animal, mineral etc.

Natural fibre can be classified into following types:

(a) Vegetable fibre

Vegetable fibre is obtained from seeds, leaf or bark of tree etc.

Vegetable fibres are three types on the origin of different part of plant

(i) Seed fibre

The fibres remain around the seed that is why it is called seed fibre. Cotton is the best example of seed fibre.

(ii) Bast fibre

Bast is a fibre which is from bark of tree. Jute is an example of Bast fibre. Hemp, Flax, Ramie etc. are also Bast fibre.

(iii) Leaf fibre

Leaf fibre is obtained from leaf or root of plant. Sisal, Pineapple are of this kind.

(b) Animal fibre

The huge amount of uses of animal fibre is just after vegetable fibre in natural fibre.

Animal fibres are :

(i) Wool

The origin of wool fibre is from sheep. Worsted, Angora, Alpaca, Mohair etc. are used widely.

(ii) Silk

Silk fibre is an insect fibre. Silk is obtained from cocoons. It is the most beautiful of all textile fibres. Silk is available as filament, therefore spinning process is not used for Silk.

(c) Mineral fibre

The origin of Mineral fibre is mine or quarry. Asbestos is the mineral fibre which has been used as textile fibre.

2. Synthetic fibre

Synthetic is not from nature. Synthetic fibre is made by synthetic or regenerating system or processing with chemical. Synthetic fibres are two types:

(a) Cellulosic fibre

The fibre which is obtained by converting or changing state and quality of natural Cellulosic fibre is called regenerated Cellulosic fibre. The origin of the fibre is cellulose.
Regenerated fibres are three types:

(i)                 Viscose rayon

(ii)               Acetate

(iii)             Tri-acetate

(b) Non-Cellulosic fibre

The source of non-Cellulosic is not cellulose. In place of cellulose it will be carbon, oxygen, hydrogen etc. That means organic compound. Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic, Spandex are the example of Non-Cellulosic fibre.

Another classification of Synthetic fibre are:

(a)    Rubber fibre

Rubber fibre is a fibre which is formed by compressing the natural or synthetic rubber. It is circular or square in cross section and longitudinal of fibre is smooth.

(b) Metallic fibre

Metallic fibre is a fibre i.e. metal , metal coated, plastic or a core completely covered by metal. These fibres are flat, narrow and gleaming lusture.

(c) Mineral fibre

A manufactured fibre in which fibre forming substance is from mineral. Glass fibre. Ceramic fibre, Graphite fibre etc. are mineral man made fibre.